pet Essays - Anthrozoology, Turtle, Pets, Dog, Life Simulation Games

My Pet Would you like to live a happy and productive life? Then get pets! I must admit it is hard to believe that domesticated animals can promote mental and physical health, but many studies have shown that they can. On the other hand, you must find a pet that is compatible with you or with your life style. Maintaining good mental health is crucial for living a "normal" life. Many psychiatrists have found that patients with anger management problems can be calmer with a pet around the house. Sometimes, just the feel of a pet in the house can do wonders on the nerves and eliminate certain aggravation. I have found that having multiple pets around can be difficult, but with the hard work comes satisfaction and happiness. Personally, I own two turtles, one dog and one fish; my two turtles are in one tank, so they have company! In my fish tank, there is a predatory fish, which would endanger any other fish if I put more in the tank. Separating animals that could do harm to each other is a good method for ensuring their safety. In addition, you must remember to spend an equal amount of time with your pets? even your fish, so one pet does not get jealous of the other. Many give their beloved companions names such as people Stanley, Buddy, and Mikey. By giving pets human names people feel more connected and comfortable around their animal friends. My dog?s name is Bishop, my two turtles names are Squirmy and Mojo and my fish?s name is Mr. Fish. My roommate named the dog and I named the fish because of the way they are Mojo because he?s the bigger one and Squirmy because he can never stay still longer than a few seconds. I named my fish Mr. Fish because I couldn?t really think of a good name for him. People some times are extremely attached to their pets; many cater to their every whim. Some people even bring their dogs and cats to pet manicurists and stylists to pamper their pets. This "obsession" with their pets can lead to deep seeded pain and anguish when a pet passes on. I can defenatly agree with that even if its not death and it?s a disappearance of an animal. Like the second day I had my turtles one escaped around 3 am in the morning and I was looking very hard for my turtle thinking of only the horrible things that could have happened to him like the dog eating him or my roommate accidentally stepping on him. It took me a couple of hours but I eventually found my turtle and it was a terrible feeling just looking for him unsure of what had happened to him. Unfortunately the reality of a pet dying is all too genuine with today's high ways and increasingly busy streets can spell certain doom for our four legged chums. Animals help their owners every day to live their lives a bit easier. I also agree that animals As well as providing, relieve from they give an unsurpassed amount of enjoyment and love. Many people say that animals can not love or truly understand our feelings just because they are not classified as humans and do not express themselves in ways that we can not comprehend. Unfortunately people over look the fact that humans are animals like any other but that have been blessed with an understandable means of communication .I hope if you are a disbeliever in the factual intelligence of animals that this essay changed your perspective. In addition, remember that people are animals too!

Greek society Essays

Greek society Essays Greek society Essay Greek society Essay Essay Topic: History Medea In Greek society, slavery was view as being a normal part of everyday life. Slave labour was considered an essential need when it came to the economic and social success of the Greek city-states. There were a variety of roles, which were carried out by the slave class, some of these included agriculture, crafts, mining, and domestic work. This essay aims to explore the attitudes of the Greeks regarding slavery and its institutions, where and how slaves were acquired, the treatment of the slaves and possible implications if the practice of slavery had been abolished. Despite frequent misconception the majority of Greek slaves were in actual fact, not Greek at all. Many were prisoners of war, captured after the fall of besieged towns and cities and taken back to be later sold on the slave market. As Homer1 discusses in his poems piracy, kidnapping and warfare were all common sources of acquiring slaves. Slavery is the dreaded fate of the women of the royal household of Troy, after the fall of the once great city as is told by Euripides2 . [ ] Talthybios: You have now been allocated, if this is what you feared. Hekabe: Alas! For what city of Thessaly or Phthia or the land of Kadmos are we destined? [ ] (Dillon Garland 2005:351 11. 42) Although this is an extract from a play, Hekabes fear that she feels for the sealed fate of herself, her daughters and daughters-in-law was a very real part of life. As Thucydides3 also discusses, when the Athenians captured Melos, the men were killed and the women and children enslaved. There many other cities that the Athenians as well as other city-states obtained their slaves, some of theses are Thrace, Scythia, Illyria, Colchis, Caria and Lydia. : Kidnapping was also very common, although the families of the hostages were sometimes given the opportunities to pay a ransom for their release, many still ended up as slaves. Children born to enslaved parents were also considered as slaves, another method was exposure, unwanted, sick, or weak babies to be abandoned by their parents. The practice, though inhumane by contemporary opinion, was considered normal. Those children who were found by slave traders or shepherds were possibly taken, raised, trained in some skill and later sold for profit. Although, debt slavery had been abolished in the Attica by Solons4 legislation, it still would have existed in other parts of the Greek world, such as Crete5. There is some argument among modern day historians as to the actual size of the slave population, due to the lack of vital evidence, such as a census. There is however a number of documents where the writers allude to the reader to a figure. Thucydides6 for example tells of some 20,000 Athenian slaves, most of whom were manual labourers deserting. He also points out in later documents that there were more slaves in Chios than any other city besides Sparta. Despite the lack of evidence Finley7 estimates a figure more like 60-80,000 slaves for the whole of Attica. On average it can be seen that most small farmers or landowners would have had at least 1 slave and wealthy households approximately 10-20. In an unusual case, Nikias8 owned some 1000 slaves, which he would hire out for work. The type of things that many slave traders and owners looked for when acquiring slaves were their characteristics which slaves possessed such as a placid temperament, attractiveness, youth, health, submissiveness, strength and so on. Depending on the skills and abilities of a slave would have a huge impact on the type of work that they could possibly carry out and the price that one could be sold for. Slaves however who were elderly, weak, sick or injured, stubborn were considered unfavourable as they would more than likely cause their masters trouble. The roles carried out by slaves were numerous and some were especially dangerous such as working as a crewmember on ships or in mines or quarries. A slave could expect a life of misery and danger, with many thousands killed. There were also a number of criminals or slaves with constant bad behaviour working in the mines, due to the conditions as it was assumed that they would not live very long. In agriculture and farming slaves worked as farmhands or shepherds. Hesiod9, in his Works and Days explains to a small farmer the greater value of a slave woman over a wife. First of all you should acquire a house and a woman and an ox for the plough, A female slave, not a wife, who can follow the oxen as well. (Dillon Garland 2005:331, doc. 11. 8) Skilled slaves could also work as artisans and run shops for their masters, while slave labour was popular it in no way replaced free labour instead slaves complimented the free labour workforce with free men in most Greek cities except Sparta working alongside slaves working the land, in retail trade or as artisans as Plutarch10 describes. As far as working as a slave went, one of the most prestigious roles, was being a domestic or household servant. These were among some of the most well treated slaves, some acquiring a sense of trustworthiness and responsibility, a few even obtained freedom for their loyalty and hard work. A good, well-behaved slave was treated as part of the family, were even allowed to take part in the family rituals like the sacrifice. A female had vastly different roles to that of male slaves. These would have included cooking, sewing and crafting, serving food, entertaining as dancing or flute girls, childcare, cleaning, shopping and fetching water. In wealthier households they could also specialize in being housekeepers, cooks or nurses. Women were greatly disadvantaged in Greek society due to the underprivileged status in the social hierarchy, with even wealthy free women often secluded in their own homes. Unquestionably female slaves would often have a harder time than men and were frequently the target of sexual exploitation or physical abuse from their masters and or other members of their household. In these instances children born from master-slave liaisons would undoubtedly have been exposed. Slave girls could however rise to a certain level of trustworthiness, many wealthy women sought out confidantes in their slave girls, as Euripides11 expresses in his character Medea. It is likely that women and female slaves would have tied together, with the common exclusion from the masculine world of public affairs, regardless of social status. Occasionally household slaves were also given the privilege of being buried in plots next to their masters and mistresses upon their deaths. Aristotle12 spoke of slaves as the chattel property of the master, and thought this may have been the case, there were distinct and well protected laws when it came to slaves rights, or the treatment and punishment of slaves. For instance, though slaves could be very badly beaten they could not however be killed, instead slaves were treated according to their status and the temperament of their masters. Slaves were forbidden to enter the gymnasium or public assembly, they could not freely marry or have children, they could also not use any name other than the one their master gave them and most unfortunately for slaves was that they could only give evidence in a trial under torture. There were however special temples and sanctuaries that slaves could go to seek refuge and appeal that they be resold if their masters were particularly abusive to them13. One very important point to make is the difference between slaves, metics, helots and serfs. Metics were either foreigners, who migrated to cities other than the one where they were born or freed men. The metics could own slaves, ran businesses, had access to certain festivals. The restrictions for the metics were that they could not vote, own land or houses and needed a prostate or citizen patron. The metoikian14 tax made the metic class very powerful, as the revenue from this tax went to the state. Serfs had rights, they possessed money, could marry and divorce, serfs could also marry with free women. The helots were however not foreigners or slaves, they owned land and outnumbered the Spartans considerably, but they were still subjected to a state of servitude. Herodotus15 notes that the Spartans despised artisans and considered those who learnt crafts and their descendants as inferior to other citizens. Xenophon16 also shares these views in his account of Lykourgos. [ ] 7. 2 But at Sparta Lykourgos forbad free men to touch anything to do with making money, and instructed them only to think about those activities which provide cities with freedom. (Dillon Garland 2005:347, doc. 11. 5 7. 2) The Spartans were renowned for their harsh treatment of the helots despite relying upon them for produce and crafts, as well as occasionally in times of warfare to supplement their army, with an estimation of 35,000 serving at Plataea17. Because of the sheer number of helots the Spartans were aware of the potential threat of revolt, Thucydides18 accounts, the Spartans proclaimed that the helot s nominate all those whom they considered had fought well in the Spartan wars, under the belief that these men would be granted freedom the helots picked out about 2,000 who later disappeared. Servile labour was a large part of the social and economic makeup of the classical Greek period, with most households owning at least one slave. Krates19, in his play The Wild Animals, promises automation of items as the alternative to slaves, mimicking Aristophanes position of slavery being taken for granted. Time constraints have unfortunately limited the depth of this essay, and prevented the further examination of slaves in Greece at this time.

Liberty and Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Liberty and Equality - Essay Example As a function of this confusion with regards to some of the core precept that help to define the society in which we live, it will be the express intent of this particular analysis to engage the reader with an understanding of the immutable nature of equality and liberty. Through such analysis and focus upon the way in which these two are related and differentiated from one another. Yet, the fact of the matter is that the interplay between equality and liberty is something that perennially exists. Ultimately, each and every decision that is made with regards to greater levels of liberty, or the exercise thereof, has a direct and/or tangential impact with regards to the manner in which an individual can experience a degree of equality. Naturally, in a perfect world, society views equality and liberty as two â€Å"goods† that should be able to exist alongside one another in equal measure. However, the fact of the matter is that one necessarily constrains the other and causes a s ituation by which an increased degree of equality adversely impacts liberty; and vice versa. The following analysis and discussion will more appropriately define this inverse relationship and the means by which it is exhibited within the United States; both past and present (Smith 456). One analyst noted, â€Å"The balancing of liberty and equality interests cannot be accomplished in the abstract. We cannot decide issues involving specific legislation by determining that we lack ''enough'' liberty or that our society has ''too much'' equality. Careful evaluation requires inquiry into the specific nature of the individual freedom that may be sacrificed and the value of the equality that will be enhanced if the proposal becomes law† (New York Times 1). As such, the interplay between these two seemingly competitive virtues is clearly manifest. Firstly, before delving into an active definition and understanding of either liberty or equality, it must be appreciated that neither of these terms are in direct competition with one another for a position of being the most important guiding principle of democracy; rather, these concepts are both cornerstones through which democracy is defined, upheld, and delineated. If one of these two terms had to be understood as of greater importance than its counterpart, then the entire framework upon which representative government is fabricated would topple. Ultimately, at its very core, liberty necessarily defines the state of being free. As such, this freedom has been exhibited within almost each and every aspect of the way in which the American experience of government has come to be known. Although the freedom of liberty is a defining hallmark of the way in which he United States has come to experience its own development and growth as a political and social concept, the fact of the matter is that the actual application of liberty itself is not static. Just like with the way in which equality has come to be re-defined a nd re-understood throughout different periods of the nation’s history, liberty and the freedoms that it entails has been defined, constrained, and redefined as different experiences have shaped the way in which this concept is reflected within the American populace. A quick example of this can of course be seen with regards to the way in which liberty came to be constricted after the attacks of September 11th, 2001. Whereas the nation itself was in a

Media Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Media Law - Essay Example Moreover, if a judge excludes evidence because its probative value is outweighed by its prejudicial effect, and that evidence is reported in the media, can the defendant have a fair trial? All indications are that balancing these competing rights in the UK appears to favour the right to a fair trial over the freedom of expression accorded the media.4 Essentially, there are strict rules and laws in the UK relative to the publicity of a trial and constraints on the media so as to preserve the integrity of trial process.5 Essentially, the UK attempts to ensure that all restrictions on media reporting is limited so as to preserve the integrity of the judicial process so that constraints on freedom of expression by the media are proportionate to the ends of justice.6 This paper examines the way in which the UK’s legislature and judiciary attempts to balance or more especially fails to balance the tensions that arise in the application of the principles embodied in both the right to a fair trial and freedom of expression via the media. ... The final part of this paper will provide an analysis of case studies demonstrative of why the law attempt to balance the right to a fair trial with the media’s right to freedom of expression. In the final analysis, the legal framework for balances these tensions are ultimately aimed at preventing a trial in the media and ensuring that the issue of guild and innocence is determined in the court room, free of media influence and/or manipulation. I. Overview of the Right to a Fair Trial and Freedom of Expression via the Media A. Freedom of Expression By virtue of the UK’s Human Rights Act 1988, the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was implemented and came into force in 2000.7 Although Article 10(1) of ECHR provides for freedom of expression, Article 10(2) goes on to ensure that freedom of expression is no an absolute right. Specifically, Article 10(2) cautions that freedom of expression â€Å"carries with it other duties and responsibilities† and therefor e: May be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity, or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.8 Maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary can be seen as the most important constraint on the freedom of expression in the context of the right to a fair trial. This is especially so in

Reflection on the Development of a Nursing Teacher Essay

Reflection on the Development of a Nursing Teacher - Essay Example This paper describes the highlights from an individual analysis of my competence as a preceptor (Forest, 2004:77-78). Different students have varying learning styles and this gives me the impetus to assess whether I have been able to address the needs of each student (Black, 2004:68). I have to discern the abilities of the students carefully in order to determine whether they have gained the relevant skills. Using the John’s reflective model, I embarked on a reflection to identify my progress as a nurse playing the assessment role. Guided by this model, I related to experiences in the workplace, their consequences, and influencing factors and highlighted how such experiences have improved my learning process. Due to the varying learning needs of students, I have allocated different sessions for each student whom I should assess. I give attention to first year students who are new in the course and are taking their first clinical practice. Understanding their personality is ess ential as it helps me determine the best approaches to use to impart skills in each student. (Fleming, McKee, and Huntley-Moore, 2011:450-457). In addition, students need guidelines to help to help them run activities on their own. Understanding the different learning styles and designing appropriate assessment skills will help me become a better preceptor (McDonough and Osterbrink, 2005:89-90). In the future, I should be able to assess each student extensively and help him or her improve in learning the relevant nursing skills. From my own learning orientation, I can present concepts effectively and then advance to giving details of the concepts. However, I realize that this puts off analytic learners who expect a stepwise presentation of ideas so that they can construct the complete picture. I have to broaden my assessment methods and rise above the challenge. Experience has taught me how to address the different personality types in assessment. Endowed with characteristics of an introvert, it becomes demanding to design effective modules for students who are extroverts, as they need more interactive sessions (Li, Chen and Tsai, 2008:71-74). However, I have been trying to give students group work tasks on critical issues at times in order to address the needs of judging extroverts. Feelers need a more sensitive approach that will create a favorable learning environment. Understanding the varying needs prompts me to use a more integrative assessment approach. Through this understanding, it becomes easier for me to develop strategies and standards of assessment. A nurse preceptor has the responsibility of nurturing the traits of a good nurse in the learners. I realize the importance of this and I have been presenting them with tasks that build patience and compassion. Nurses should be able to nurture well and possession of this trait prompts many students to take up nursing after their personality type tests (Li, Chen and Tsai, 2008:71-74). As an assessor, I s hould complement this trait with a critical understanding of the nursing practice in the students. An efficient nurse should be able to make critical judgment on different occasions. In order to build this criticality in making judgment, i present my students with critical tasks each week in which they describe their actions and ethics and values that dictated their decisions in each task. The most important aspect I have learned as a nurse teacher is that facilitation of the learning process is more effective

Mental Health Issues in the UK Criminal Justice System

Mental Health Issues in the UK Criminal Justice System Mental Health illness is a problem that the criminal justice system faces daily. In 1992, the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) and the Public Citizens Health Research Group released a report that described alarmingly high numbers of people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other serious mental illnesses incarcerated in jails across the country (Erickson Erickson, 2008, p. 4). Mental health illness can contribute to jail and prison overcrowding, high crime rates, drug addiction, and many other problems. The team decided to examine mental health issues as it relates to the criminal justice system and specifically how mental health can play a role in the crime. Different factors can become a problem with mental health illness and the criminal justice system. Jail and prison officials should be train to identify mental health crisis. Mental health professionals including psychiatrists should be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to evaluate potential crises and prescribe emergency medications in detention facilities (Compton Kotwicki, 2007, p. 49). Even though, is true the problem starts with the crime and the sentence. Many problems and questions arise when a person who possesses a mental illness commits offense. There are many obstacles that need to be overcome before convicting someone of a crime. First a crime has to report. From there, the crime and the individual as well as witnesses need to be interview or interrogate. Information gathered during this process must be valid in order for the Prosecutor eventually hands down a charge. However, sometimes in certain circumstances, officers, and detectives may press charges against an individual and it the Prosecutor to either file charges under that individual. A prosecutor may agree with the charges that the Detectives chose, and in that case, the charges can be amended to a greater or lesser charge. At this point, it is particularly necessary that the defendant seek legal advice. A court date will determine. This typically called a hearing, and at this point, the defendant can make a plea of guilty, not guilty or no contest. From there, a trial will set in which the Prosecutor and Defense attorney will discuss their case before a jury. At the conclusion of the trial, the jury will decide guilt or innocence. According to Compton and Kotwicki (2007), Just like cases in which a mental illness is not a factor charges against a defendant with a mental illness may be dropped, the defendant can plead guilty, or the defendant can be found guilty or not guilty by trial (p. 490). A verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is not a conviction, and it does not require a basis for criminal sentencing and punishment. Not that the charge should go away, but when the judge finds someone not guilty because of reason for insanity considered an acquittal. What the judge does is making that individual do his or her time in either a rehab facility or in a mental hospital. Depending, on the defendants behavior one could be eventually discharge with charges thrown out. If the defendants behavior becomes worse, charges will not get dropped, and one will sentence to prison after seeing the judge if the judge thinks he, or she would be competent to do his or her time in prison to finish the sentence for the crime her or she once committed (Compton and Kotwicki, 2007, p. 13). However, for people with mental illness, a judge may exercise discretion in pursuing alternatives to conviction and sentencing (Compton and Kotwicki, 2007, p. 13). Convictions could overturn for mental health issues depending on what issue they have. Many police officers or detective does not recognize the signs of a mental disease of an individual questioned or suspected of a crime. Reported to the New York Times, today many individuals can provide documentation with details giving them the right hand to get their conviction overturned. When a person is sitting in an interrogation room question for a crime, but has a mental illness that the police force cannot accept; also does not have the capabilities to ask for a lawyer, the judge will much abundantly so blame the police force for not seeing the signs of mental illness. When the defense team represents their client, it appear in court, which if the right protocol not understand; therefore the facts they appear before the court would have no cause. Many individuals make false confessions because of the illness they have which will allow the convictions to get overturned. People with mental illness cannot always tell their thoughts clearly or understand what others are saying to them (Persons With Mental Illness Who Are Homeless Or Missing: A Guide For Families, p. 1). In confusion, some will retreat while others have grandiose ideas and cannot make sound judgments (Persons With Mental Illness Who Are Homeless Or Missing: A Guide For Families, p. 1). Sometimes they leave home or other fixed surroundings, and they become homeless or missing (Persons With Mental Illness Who Are Homeless Or Missing: A Guide For Families, 2012, p. 1). They can go for days, weeks, months or years (Guide To Help Locate Missing Homeless Mentally Ill, 2012, p. 1). Often they leave behind distraught families, hoping to realize their loved ones home or to another safe place (Guide To Help Locate Missing Homeless Mentally Ill, 2012, p. 1). Different examples of mental illnesses are anxiety, which is a sense of fear, nervousness, and worry about something that may arise in the future. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that is a, mental illness characterized by an impaired ability to regulate activity level (hyperactivity) attend to tasks (inattention) (Information About Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 2). Inhibit behavior (impulsivity), schizophrenia, which is a serious, severe, and disabling brain disease (Mental Illness Glossary, 2012, p. 2). People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms, such as hearing internal voices or believing that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them (Mental Illness Glossary, 2012, p. 2). These symptoms may cause them anxious and withdrawn (Information About Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 1). Their speech and behavior so disorganized that they may be confusing or frightening to others (Information About Mental Illness And The Brain, 2012, p. 1). These are just some examples of health issues that go unrecognized, so when a crime committed many police officers not trained to understand the symptoms and behaviors that go along with the mental illness. Many individuals across the nation suffer from chronic mental illness that can affect several factors of ones life. It can take an adverse impact to employment, personal relationships, and often leads to substance abuse and involvement of criminal activity. The team cannot control aspects of a mental illness we can determine the problems as well, as the issues surrounding the mentally ill individuals within the criminal justice system (Mentally Ill Offenders And County Jails; Survey Results And Policy Issues Criminal Justice, 2000, p. 15). There are many types of mentally ill offenders, some that commit violent crimes and others that commit minor offenses but from what even comparison that a person uses needs to understand that treatment is the place. Supporting resources revealed similar views by stating, Inadequate treatment and services leaves people unprotected from the effectiveness of their illness, and we wait and watch until they do something, often a non-violent misdemeanor, to put them in trouble with the law (Department of Health and Human Services, 2000, p. 1). For the offenders that commit minor offenses, law-enforcement officers usually can identify them from observations. At this point, a police officer has the potential to Baker Act the criminal. Possessing an Offender Baker Acted can remember as a way involuntary intend to obtain mental health treatment, For example, a person who is presenting a threat to him or herself or other that may be cannot access the treatment needed. If the officer, decides to make an arrest instead the person brought to jail and eventually through a screening process. The assessment will determine the condition or severity of his or her mental status. If the level is not uncommon, the offender place within the general population. If it verified that he or she is a risk, the person is places on the psychiatric status for further evaluations. Ultimately the mentally ill inmate will undergo treatment from physicians and case workers and spend eight times longer confine. An average prisoner to obtain the necessary treatment wants to become a productive member in society. The justice system has come a long distance by supporting programs, such as the Criminal Mental Health Project. This project was creating to discover better ways of handling mentally ill individuals. As they come in contact, the criminal justice system as well as treatment requires. There are two facilitate components to the development programs that include pre-arrest and the post arrest diversion program. The pre-arrest deviation is aim to identify and prevent any mentally ill person from entering the criminal justice system. According to resources, For these diversion options to be successful, though, resources must observe release conditions and provides treatment. Otherwise, diversion will just contribute to the deinstitutionalization/ criminalization revolving door (Center of Problem-Oriented Policing, 2006). Upon entry into treatment programs often offenders placed within community-based treatment facilities where they receive appropriate care. While undergoing treatment, they will continue to be monitor by a court ordered case worker. There are many studies that have tried to tackle the common questions of, how the justice system should play a key role when coming in contact with the mentally ill and what is the appropriate action that should supplied to each obligation of an offender who is mentally ill. The criminal justice system faced with a dilemma when a mentally ill person enters the justice system. The difficult task becomes weighing the options of punishment or providing treatment. This similar dilemma seen in the case of Andrea Yates, a 36 year-old native of Texas that drowned her five children. Many horrified by this crime in hopes she would be discipline and others had mixed emotions. It came out during the hearing that she was mentally ill suffering from postpartum psychosis but was this merely a defense tactic. Further researcher revealed that, A Justice Department investigation from 1999 that estimates the number of mentally ill prisoners to be about 16% of the total prison population. Analysts say fair treatment of the mental ill often overshadowed by opposition to the use of the insanity defense, which some claim abused a way to get away with crimes. According to reports, however, the insanity defense used in less than 1% of all criminal trials. Experts agree it succeeds in only about one-quarter of those cases (The Mentally Ill in the Legal System, 2009, p. 10). The problem still moves forward as the justice system debates on how to handle such circumstance. The issue becomes the responsibility as this is what country has distilled in the justice system. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the roles and responsibilities that the justice system has in continuing further research on methods. To improve treatment of the mentally ill offenders as well as treatment for these offenders mentally. In a study taken by Psych Central, the discoveries suggest Two thirds of prisoners nationwide with a mental illness were off medication at the time of their arrest, according to a new study by Harvard researchers that suggest under treatment of mental illness contributes to crimes and imprisonment (Mental Health News from North Carolina Mental Hope, n.d., P 5.). Although the discoveries may reflect differences, the key factor is that mental health can and does contribute to crime. Many of the soldiers who serve in the Army and do respond will suffer from post-traumatic stress. Which lead, to a severe mental unbalance that ultimately results in crime. Very similar to that of a person who born with severe mental problems and lacks the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, many of these individuals commit a crime because of the constant replay of visions of acts committed while serving but under the direct control (Doctor Says Palin In Excellent Health CBS News, 2011, P. 1). Unfortunately, whether a person born with mental issues, or develops psychological issues as a result of an event in life can be more likely to possess a strong fear of crime. Institutes for mental health care, review scientific research a critical activity. A good way to stimulate research is by simplifying data collection through observation. In collecting data for the study of mental health issues, one effective way to collect data for this study would be through observation. Examination of subjects with mental illness would allow researchers to assess side effects of mental illness. For the study, of mental illness and crime consideration among other methods of data collection used to determine the effects of criminal activity in conjunction with crime. By observing, subjects who been diagnosed with mental illness along with surveying and evaluation of behavioral activities, a simple collection of information will assist in aiding researchers get answers to the questions of mental illness. The number of mentally ill offenders incarcerated is gradually growing. There are approximately seven percent of mentally ill offenders in jail within the U.S population. The approach to the participant evaluation will be selecting individuals whom have had prior encounters with the criminal justice system such as individual that entered the justice system and have under gone treatment from mental health professional that appointed by the mental health courts and not released. The selection of individuals will also include mentally ill offenders currently establishing a position with in the criminal justice system. These include but not limited to offenders currently seeking treatment for their illness, offenders that are awaiting the hearing process from the courts, and detainees from law-enforcement officers that have implemented the Bakers Act that is necessary for accurate and successful treatment. This evaluation would be far from complete if the process did not include the expe rience and knowledge from the trained professional such as law-enforcement officers that often are the first contacts made, the mental health courts that make the determination of each unique case, and the mental health professionals that treat the offenders in order for them to have a chance to be a productive member in society. They attempt to conduct this evaluation will pay close attention to the needs of these individuals, such as setting, technique of the evaluation and how the groups be combined in order to obtain accurate data. The evaluation will become much more simplified by combining the groups to obtain structure and order during the evaluation. The break down of the evaluation will be following an outline in which how the evaluation process conducted, this will ensure that all data collected and is significant to the study as well as the study groups. The groups be combined as the following, the prior mentally ill offenders findings be incorporated with the mentally ill offenders that currently detained in the criminal justice system, this can include first time offenders and offenders awaiting hearing. The next groups will consist of the offenders as a whole number and the experienced professional that have implemented their treatments and rehabilitation. The next stage in the evaluation is to secure an environment suitable for all participants. This will ensure comfort ability with the participants; it would also be an area with no distractions. As the interviews are conducting a series of individua ls questions, be generated for each individual. The qualitative data method that be implemented will make certain that other resources can be used to support the findings of the evaluation. Some excellent resources that can be collected in this procedure are medical evaluation records and details procedures that utilized as guidelines for necessary treatment for the offender. When we talk about the procedures for mental illnesses, the doctors have to treat each illness case by case basis. A prime example is a defendant that is mentally retarded. The defendant charged with kidnapping and murder. The mental retardation evidence consisted of expert testimony that the defendant had intellectual deficits (an IQ below 70), and also contained three variable manipulations: (1) testimony that the defendant lacked/did not lack a practical adaptive skill (the ability to care for himself); (2) testimony that the defendant lacked/did not lack a social adaptive skill (interpersonal abilities); and (3) the age of onset of the mental retardation as being from birth (before 18) or after age 18 due to a brain injury (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 11). Although by definition mental retardation cannot have an onset after age 18, many researchers points out the legal issue that identical intellectual deficits can develop regardless of age of onset (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12) . The jurors have to consider the mental illness of the person that set forth of the trial. Many defendants receive expert testimony that specifically stated that the crime was attributable to the defendants mental retardation. The nexus testimony stated that the defendant was unable to appreciate the criminal nature of their act and that he or she was vulnerable to following the direction of others due to their limited logical capacity (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12). Participants then intended for to a page containing jury instructions where they recorded their verdict of whether the defendant is mentally retarded. Variables manipulated in the instructions included (1) the party carrying the burden of proof, (2) the standard of proof (beyond a reasonable doubt/by a preponderance of the evidence), and for the mental retardation determination, (3) the definition of mental retardation used (Margaret Reardon, 2007, p. 12). Many individuals have to understand the different emotions and styles with dealing with an individual with mental illness. Self-aware is well aware of their moods. These people have some sophistication about their emotional lives. They are in excellent psychological health and tend to have a positive outlook on life. When they get into a bad mood, they do not ruminate or obsess about it, and are able to get out of it sooner. Engulfed are people who feel swamped by their emotions and helpless to escape them, they are mercurial and not particularly much aware of their feelings, so they lost in them rather than having some perspective (Batool, 2011, p. 1). They have no control over their emotional life. Accepting people are usually clear about what they are feeling, they accept their mood, but do not try to change them either in whole or severe mood. This pattern found among depressed people who resigned to their despair (Batool, 2011, p. 1)). The difference between right and wrong is not easily explained. Mental health and illness within the walls of the correctional facilities throughout the United States are struggling with many obstacles. Many inmates claim insanity or a mental illness. However, we left to believe that they are simply using this defense as a way to ask for forgiveness for the crime they have committed. There are many inmates that medicated, but nothing seems to help their violent outbursts. On the other hand, there are many inmates that are in fact, responding to medications to help their condition. According to Wendy Fry, producer of KPBS.org, she states that the cost per year to house an inmate is approximately $50,000 per year but that when an inmate hits the age of 55, we should expect that amount to almost triple. The idea of figuring out a way to eliminate mental health and illness from the prison setting is not as easy as one may think. Actually, it is next to impossible. Medicaid set up to help those who are below the income in which they could afford health insurance. Medicaid pays for mental health appointments as well as the medication to control such illnesses. However, without the will of the individual or the parents of children to seek out the help needed, our prisons will continue to be overcrowded and unsteady. There is one act that we can do. When an inmate comes into the realm of the correctional facility, we can do what we have been doing, we provide them with medical care, and this also includes mental health. From there it all depends on the individual if they are going to work the system, or let the system work for them. There is a saying that you can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make them drink. This can be applied to the correctional facilities inmates. Some people are just career criminals, and with that being said, some inmates clearly need mental health. So before, we can go in depth on a budget to help this situation, we need to know how to tell the difference between mental illness and simply an excuse to break the law. In conclusion, many problems stem from mental health illness when brought against the criminal justice system. Furthermore, many questions brought up about the sentencing and what punishing a person with a mental illness should obtain and what mark just for an individual with a mental illness. Certain laws are in place for people with a mental illness that commits offense. Some individuals who do have a mental illness but convicted and cut through the loop holes of the criminal justice system.

Dialogue - About a Girl :: Dialogue Conversation Essays

Dialogue - About a Girl â€Å"I’m always especially tired after 12 hours of consciousness,† Ryan stated, â€Å"but today was different.† â€Å"How’s that?† Ted asked. â€Å"I actually had an idea for a poem. Actually I probably would’ve written it as a short story,but I didn’t end up writing it because I thought it probably would’ve been a stupid story† Ted, surprised, replied, â€Å"Ryan, weren’t you just complaining the other day that your ‘well of inspiration had become a thimble of mediocrity’? Just tell me what your little poem was about, and I’ll let you know what I think about it. You oughtn’t be so hard on yourself.† â€Å"Well, you won’t be impressed, and it would’ve been a short story, not a poem.† â€Å"Get on with it, man!† Ryan cleared his throat and collected his thoughts so he could clearly explain, â€Å"The story goes like this: There’s this astrologer...or astronomer, some guy who studies space; well, this guy is looking through his telescope one day and he sees a planet, or star,or something of that sort that’s so far away and blurry he can’t be sure what it is. What he can see of it, though, he finds to be the most beautiful object in space he’s ever seen. He knows maybe this is all in his head, you know, like he subconsciously knows that he’s overdoing it because one day the observatory he was working for upgraded to a more powerful telescope, but he never zoomed in on that beautiful body even though he could. He didn’t want to find out that the thing that inspired him and occupied his creative mind was just another ball of gas or chunk of rock. "That’s basically it, except I would’ve written it with more detail and with a dramatic feel. I can see it on your face that you weren’t impressed. I told you you wouldn’t be impressed.† â€Å"Well, first thing is your story wasn’t stupid. Seriously,† Ted said in an almost patronizing voice. â€Å"Enough of that. What was it, do you think?† â€Å"Honestly, it's just starting to bother me that your story was just another of your typical whining-romantic themes. Its obvious that the star represents that

Hammurabi’s Code: Revenge or Justice

Andrew Zobel Christian Woodfin Tim Koehler Justice and revenge, while often lumped together, have very distinct differences. Revenge, in its most basic meaning, is â€Å"exact punishment or expiation for a wrong on behalf of, especially in a resentful or vindictive spirit. † Justice, on the other hand, has more of a heroic feel to it. Justice is the right thing, while revenge is frowned upon in society. Justice is necessary, revenge is not.Every successful civilization in history has had a strong system of laws and punishments, and Hammurabi’s Sumerians were no exception. Hammurabi’s code evokes a strong sense of justice rather than revenge. While his laws were very strict in nature, they were simply disciplinary measures needed to keep the common man in line. The â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† method of discipline, while being quite primitive in compassion for those breaking the law, is still justice at its inner most core.The first three laws i n Hammurabi’s code have to do with protecting the accused. Nowhere in these decrees is revenge a factor; this is all about preserving integrity for the individual. Rules twenty-two to twenty-five have to do with theft and robbery. It is not simply an act of revenge to pursue those in violation of the law and punish them, it is to balance out both sides of the equation. If someone feels the need to steal, then he or she shall face the consequences put forth. Hammurabi was quite strict on adultery.If someone was found having an affair, they were either run out of town, paid a hefty fine, or were put to death. Having such severe punishments for crime really whips the subjects into shape. Had there been less of a penalty, the common man would take advantage of these laws because of no fear of the consequences. If revenge was the core of a legal system, then society could not propel itself forward; it would be too worried about getting even, thus causing it to self-destruct. Witho ut law and order, civilization and a prosperous community cannot exist.

Iso 9001 Quality Management System Essays

Iso 9001 Quality Management System Essays Iso 9001 Quality Management System Essay Iso 9001 Quality Management System Essay EME2036 MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Lecturer: MR JAMIL BIN HASHIM Title: 17. ISO 9001 Quality Management System Trimester 3 2010/11 No| Name| Id| 1| CHUAH KIM SAN| | 2| SOON JAN FEI| | 3| CHAN JUN YU| | 4| KOK ZIH FONG| | 5| TAN WEN JUN| | | | | | | | Title: ISO 9001 Quality Management System Acknowledgements We would like to thank our Manufacturing and Operations Management lecturers, Mr Jamil bin Hasim and Ms How Heoy Geok for all the patience and guidance given to us throughout our research. Besides that, thanks to each group members for their precious time and fantastic team work. They were present in every meeting, dedicated in gathering information, and diligent in writing the report. Last but not least, thanks our parents for having faith in us as well as friends who supported us all the way. Thank you from the bottom of our heart. Abstract Our group consists of 5 members and we choose to study and analyze ISO 9001 Quality Management System. The purpose of this research is to learn more about ISO 9001 Quality Management System. First, we introduce what is ISO 9001 Quality Management System. Next, we expound the concept of the topic. Then, we discuss the implementation issues and its applicability thoroughly. In addition, the benefits are included in this report. Finally, we conclude what do we learned from this research assignment. We obtained information mainly from International Standard Organization (ISO) main website. Besides that, we searched related journals from MMU Library Website data base. We also included the citations from various related journals. Introduction ISO 9001 is an international quality certification that defines minimum requirements for a companys Quality Management System (QMS). A companys QMS comprises the organizations policies, procedures and other internal requirements that ensure customer requirements are met with consistency resulting in customer satisfaction. Some of the areas of the company within the scope of ISO 9001 include: * Customer contracts * Hiring and employee training * Design and development of products and services * Production and delivery of products and services * Selection and managing of suppliers| * Management responsibility * Internal quality audits * Monitoring and measuring * Continual improvement * Corrective and preventive action| To receive an ISO 9001 certification a company must put the required QMS processes and controls in place, monitor performance of its processes and demonstrate continual improvement. Most companies hire an experienced consulting firm to assist with these preparations. Once the QMS is in place, a registrar (or certification body) is hired to audit the companys compliance with ISO 9001 requirements. If discrepancies are found during the audit, they must be corrected before the ISO 9001 certificate is issued. The ISO 9001 certification must be maintained through regular audits (bi-annual or annual) conducted by the selected registrar. Why seek certification to ISO 9001? Registration to ISO 9001 by an accredited certification body shows committed to quality, customers, and a willingness to work towards improving efficiency. * It demonstrates the existence of an effective quality management system that satisfies the rigors of an independent, external audit. * An ISO 9001 certificate enhances company image in the eyes of customers, employees and shareholders alike. * It also gives a competitive edge to an organization’s marketing. Concept of the topic Why an org anization should implement ISO 9001:2008? To keep customers satisfied, the organization needs to meet their requirements. This is because without satisfied customers, an organization will be in peril. The ISO 9001:2008 standard provides a tried and tested framework for taking a systematic approach to managing the organizations processes so that they consistently turn out product that satisfies customers expectations. Quality management principles There are eight quality management principles on which the quality management system standards of the ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9000:2008 series are based. These principles can be used by senior management as a framework to guide their organizations towards improved performance. The principles are derived from the collective experience and knowledge of the international experts who participate in ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, which is responsible for developing and maintaining the ISO 9000 standards. The eight quality management principles are defined in ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, and in ISO 9004:2000, Quality management systems Guidelines for performance improvements. The eight quality management principles are: * Principle 1: Customer focus * Principle 2: Leadership * Principle 3: Involvement of people * Principle 4: Process approach * Principle 5: System approach to management * Principle 6: Continual improvement * Principle 7: Factual approach to decision making * Principle 8: Mutually beneficial supplier relationships Applicability ISO 9001:2008 ISO 9001:2008 has been developed in order to introduce clarifications to the existing requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and to improve compatibility with ISO 14001:2004. ISO 9001:2008 does not introduce additional requirements nor does it change the intent of the ISO 9001:2000 standard. No new requirements were introduced in ISO 9001:2008 edition but, in order to benefit from the clarifications of ISO 9001:2008, users of the former version will need to take into consideration whether the clarifications introduced have an impact on their current interpretation of ISO 9001:2000, as changes may be necessary to their QMS. ISO 9001:2008 is intended to be generic and applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size and product category. It is recognized, however, that not all the requirements of this standard will necessarily be relevant to all organizations. Under certain circumstances, an organization may consider the exclusion of the application of some requirements of ISO 9001:2008 from its QMS. ISO 9001:2008 makes allowance for such situations, through sub-clause 1. 2 Application. How the ISO 9001:2008 model works? The requirements for a quality system have been standardized but many organizations like to think of themselves as unique. So how does ISO 9001:2008 allow for the diversity of say, on the one hand, a Mr. and Mrs. enterprise, and on the other, to a multinational manufacturing company with service components, or a public utility, or a government administration? The answer is that ISO 9001:2008 lays down what requirements your quality system must meet, but does not dictate how they should be met in any particular organization. This leaves great scope and flexibility for implementation in different business sectors and business cultures, as well as in different national cultures. Checking that it works 1. The standard requires the organization itself to audit its ISO 9001:2008-based quality system to verify that it is managing its processes effectively or, to put it another way, to check that it is fully in control of its activities. 2. In addition, the organization may invite its clients to audit the quality system in order to give them confidence that the organization is capable of delivering products or services that will meet their requirements. 3. Lastly, the organization may engage the services of an independent quality system certification body to obtain an ISO 9001:2008 certificate of conformity. This last option has proved extremely popular in the market-place because of the perceived credibility of an independent assessment. The organization may thus avoid multiple audits by its clients, or reduce the frequency or duration of client audits. The certificate can also serve as a business reference between the organization and potential clients, especially when supplier and client are new to each other, or far removed geographically, as in an export context. How is the Certification Achieved? There are basically four steps to get certified: Step 1: Plan The starting point for a company pursuing ISO certification is the planning and preparation of the required processes and documentation specified in the ISO 9001 standard. While these requirements are comprehensive in scope, meaning they apply to most areas of your business, they are also very general in their descriptions, meaning they can be adapted to any type of business. Because of this non-specific language, the ISO standard is extremely flexible and may be implemented in a variety of ways to suit your specific way of doing business. Step 2: Implement The starting point for any ISO implementation is to identify and define your key business processes; that is, how you produce and deliver your products and services to your customers. For each process, measurable performance measures and objectives (called quality objectives) must be developed and implemented to serve as the basis for continual improvement. In addition to defined processes and objectives, certain formal documents must be developed and implemented to provide control of your processes. The first is a quality manual that defines policies your company follows based on the ISO requirements. Additionally, six administrative procedures must be documented and implemented which include: control of documents, control of records, internal auditing, control of nonconforming products, corrective action, and preventive action. Beyond these basic six procedures, your company must determine any additional procedures, work instructions, forms or other formal documents needed to effectively implement your QMS. In prior editions of ISO 9001 (prior to 2000), there were numerous required procedures. More recent versions of the tandard have reduced the focus on required documentation and increased focus on control and improvement of your key business processes. Once your processes and documents are developed and implemented, train your employees. Once your QMS is implemented, it is required that you maintain your system for a minimum of 60 90 days before your certification. This waiting period is necessary to generate sufficient records of your QMS to be auditable. Newly developed proc esses and documents cannot be demonstrated effectively without some auditable history for the auditor to review. This timeframe should be factored into your overall project plan for certification. Step 3: Review During the Review Stage you will conduct your internal audit and management review. Once these are completed, your QMS is considered implemented and your company is ISO Compliant, though not yet certified. Step 4: Certify The ISO 9001 certification is granted by a third-party auditing firm called a Registrar who specializes in quality system auditing. There are a wide variety of Registrars located in every ISO participating country. Some firms have offices internationally; others have a more regional focus. The selection of your Registrar is one of the more important decisions you will make to ensure the best alignment with your type of business, your location(s) and overall cost of maintaining the certification. Auditing Two types of auditing are required to become registered to the standard: auditing by an external certification body (external audit) and audits by internal staff trained for this process (internal audits). The aim is a continual process of review and assessment, to verify that the system is working as its supposed to, find out where it can improve and to correct or prevent problems identified. It is considered healthier for internal auditors to audit outside their usual management line, so as to bring a degree of independence to their judgments. The initial certification audit is conducted in two parts. The Stage 1 audit is a general review of your QMS documentation to ensure you have addressed all of the requirements of the standard. Depending upon the size of your business, this can be conducted in a one to two day visit to your facility or virtually via phone. Any discrepancies noted during the Stage 1 audit will be documented in a formal report and must be corrected before the Stage 2 audit. The main part of the ISO audit is the Stage 2 audit which is always conducted onsite at your location(s) and will be focused on the implementation and effectiveness of your QMS. During this audit which can take 1 day (for very small companies) to several days, the auditor(s) will tour your company, speak to managers and employees, and review documentation and records (along with any Stage 1 discrepancies) to ensure that your system is fully implemented. If nonconformances are found, they will be documented in a formal report for correction. Following the Stage 2 audit, you are generally given thirty (30) days to submit corrective action plans for all audit nonconformances. Once corrective actions are received, your certification is complete and your certificate is issued. In order to maintain the certification, you will participate in an annual surveillance audit from your Registrar where they confirm that you are maintaining your QMS. Every third year, a more comprehensive re-certification audit is conducted, similar to the initial certification audit. The Process Approach The process approach means that you improve your business by managing and improving certain key business processes that directly impact your ability to serve your customer. Since the year 2000 release of ISO 9001, all ISO certified companies have wrestled with the practical application of the Process Approach that was introduced in the current version of the standard. In fact, other than the reduction of the number of required (i. e. prescribed) doc uments, the shift to the Process Approach was the most significant change from older editions of ISO 9001. The process approach is described as: The application of a system of processes within an organization, together with the identification and interaction of these processes, and their management (ref. section 0. 2). The process approach means that you improve your business by managing and improving certain key business processes that directly impact your ability to serve your customer. Since your business processes are basically how you get things done, by improving these processes you improve your companys ability to meet customer requirements. Gains made by improving your key processes pay dividends today and in the future as your QMS drives meaningful improvement in your business. So, that takes the focus of your ISO efforts off of getting ready for the next audit. While a necessary part of ISO, passing the audit will only maintain your certification. This is the minimum benefit you should receive from your efforts. The real opportunity for measurable business benefit from ISO 9001 is for better efficiency, reduced failures and higher levels of performance for your customers. The most effective ISO lever to achieve these results is the management and improvement of key business processes. Often, the most critical processes in your business are cross-functional, cutting across boundaries within you organizational structure. Improvements in these processes have an ongoing payback if such improvements are sustainable and sustained. The process approach, when correctly applied to your QMS, is the way this gets done. Whats involved in managing processes? The management of key business processes basically involves the following: 1. Identifying the processes that most directly impact your customer and overall business performance. 2. Establishing reliable measures of performance for those processes. 3. Assigning responsibility for monitoring and improving each process. 4. Proper procedural documentation to control each process. 5. Effective action to root out obstacles in the process and to resolve root causes to performance gaps. 6. Integrating the process with the requirements of other business processes. The management of your key processes should serve as the top level of your QMS – that is, it should provide the overall purpose and structure to your procedures, work instructions, training, etc. In addition, the selection of processes and establishment of process measures should be derived from your overall business and quality objectives. When reading the ISO 9001:2008 standard, its easy to miss this central emphasis on managing key processes. This is in part because the requirements for managing processes are sprinkled throughout the standard under various headings. Piecing together a complete understanding involves pulling a umber of requirements together. Implementation Issues A common criticism of ISO 9001 is the amount of money, time and paperwork required for registration. According to Barnes, Opponents claim that it is only for documentation. Proponents believe that if a company has documented its quality systems, then most of the paperwork has already been completed. ISO 9001 is not in any way an indication that products produced using its certified systems are any good. A company can intend to produce a poor quality product and providing it does so consistently and with the proper documentation can put an ISO 9001 stamp on it. According to Seddon, ISO 9001 promotes specification, control, and procedures rather than understanding and improvement. Wade argues that ISO 9000 is effective as a guideline, but that promoting it as a standard helps to mislead companies into thinking that certification means better quality, [undermining] the need for an organization to set its own quality standards. Paraphrased, Wades argument is that reliance on the specifications of ISO 9001 does not guarantee a successful quality system. While internationally recognized, most US consumers are not aware of ISO 9000 and it holds no relevance to them. The added cost to certify and then maintain certification may not be justified if product end users do not require ISO 9000. The cost can actually put a company at a competitive disadvantage when competing against a non ISO 9000 certified company. The standard is seen as especially prone to failure when a company is interested in certification before quality. Certifications are in fact often based on customer contractual requirements rather than a desire to actually improve quality. If you just want the certificate on the wall, chances are, you will create a paper system that doesnt have much to do with the way you actually run your business, said ISOs Roger Frost. Certification by an independent auditor is often seen as the problem area, and according to Barnes, has become a vehicle to increase consulting services. In fact, ISO itself advises that ISO 9001 can be impleme nted without certification, simply for the quality benefits that can be achieved. Another problem reported is the competition among the numerous certifying bodies, leading to a softer approach to the defects noticed in the operation f the Quality System of a firm. Effectiveness Effectiveness of the ISO system being implemented depends on a number of factors, the most significant of which is the commitment of Senior Management to monitor, control, and improve quality. Organizations that implement an ISO system without this desire and commitment, often take the cheapest road to get a certificate on the wall and ignore problem areas uncovered in the audits. Besides that, how well the ISO system integrates into their business practices. Many organizations that implement ISO try to make their system fit into a cookie-cutter quality manual rather than create a manual that documents existing practices and only adds new processes to meet the ISO standard when necessary. Next factor is how well the ISO system focuses on improving the customer experience. The broadest definition of quality is Whatever the customer perceives good quality to be. This means that you dont necessarily have to make a product that never fails, some customers will have a higher tolerance for product failures if they always receive shipments on-time, or some other dimension of customer service. Your ISO system should take into account all areas of the customer experience, the industry expectations, and seek to improve them on a continual basis. This means taking into account all processes that deal with the three stakeholders (your customers, your suppliers, and your organization), only then will you be able to sustain improvements in your customer experience. The following factor is how well the auditor finds and communicates areas of improvement. While ISO auditors may not provide consulting to the clients they audit, there is the potential for auditors to point out areas of improvement. Many auditors simply rely on submitting reports that indicate compliance or non-compliance with the appropriate section of the standard, however, to most executives; this is like speaking a foreign language. Auditors that can clearly identify and communicate areas of improvement in language and terms executive management understands allows the companies they audit to act on improvement initiatives. When management doesnt understand why they were non-compliant and the business implications, they simply ignore the reports and focus on what they do understand. Moreover, the standard also strongly promotes a methodology, amely the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle originally proposed by Deming in the 1950s. The PDCA cycle, incorporates a continuous feedback loop, allowing organizations to achieve benefits, such as reducing variation between the desired goals and realized performances and creating process-oriented thinking and perspective [Gupta, 2006] through continuous feedback. In additio n, the standard provides a process-based model that describes processes that are necessary components of a quality management system such identifying customer’s requirements and measuring outcomes. The model includes the specification of activities which address the following areas of concern: management responsibility, resource management, product realization, and measurement, analysis, and improvement. The model essentially considers that the areas of concern are address sequentially. Therefore, initially top management commits to the adoption of ISO 9001 standard by allocating resources and establishing strategies. Using the resources and strategies, employees produce products or services. The products or services are measured and analyzed through the enactment of appropriate activities or sets of activities. Benefits The main objective of the standard is to state requirements for a quality management system for organizations that want to demonstrate their ability to offer high-quality products consistently and increase customer satisfaction. Through the standard, certified companies can enjoy numerous benefits. These include: improved internal communication and performance; improved quality perception; a disciplined work environment; improved documentation; continual improvement of operations; consistency in procedures and practices; fewer supplier quality assurance audits; and improved customer satisfaction [Casadesus et al. 2001; Dissanayaka et al. , 2001; Dowlatshahi and Urias, 2004; Bhuiyan and Alam, 2005]. ISO 9001 certification benefits can be classified into external and internal categories. The former are related to improvements in terms of marketing and promotional aspects, customer satisfaction and market share, while internal benefits are related with organizational improvemen ts, the reward system, team work, measurement of performance and communication, and continuous improvement [Coleman and Douglas, 2003; Gotzamani and Tsiotras, 2002]. As an xternal motivation factor, ISO 9001 certification is frequently used mostly as a marketing tool [Poksinska et al. , 2006]. Some companies admit that without ISO 9000 certification they would not have achieved a significant number of contracts [Douglas et al. , 2003]. One of the benefits is to create a more efficient, effective and consistent in operations. With ISO 9001 certification, your operation will run more smoothly, as the QMS promotes consistency in how work is performed and recorded. This helps new employees learn processes more quickly and reduces misunderstandings with customers. If a problem does occur, it is traced to its root cause and fixed, saving the organization from re-correcting it every time it happens. Moreover, it can improve employee motivation, awareness, and morale. During implementation, quality awareness will increase, since all staff must be trained on ISO 9001. Staff will be required to take ownership of processes that they are involved in developing and improving. The QMS will also have built-in systems to report on key quality indicators, which will significantly reduce the reoccurrence of problems. This helps develop a strong quality culture, where the staff recognizes problems such as systems or process issues and works on fixing them, rather than placing blame with an individual. The result is increased confidence in workmanship and a more confident staff. The next benefit is process improvements. As you implement your QMS, you have the opportunity to improve your processes. You will outline the current process, add the requirements of the standard and then optimize the process with input from the process users. After achieving certification, you will likely see continual process improvements. A recent survey of 100 registered firms reported the average improvement in operating margin at 5% of sales. These firms also reported faster turnaround times, and a reduction in scrap and overtime. In addition, ISO 9001 certification is becoming a must to do business in many markets. A recent survey of ISO 9001 certified companies shows that 41% were asked to achieve certification by a client. Considering that it can take 6 months or longer for some organizations to accomplish certification, already having a compliant QMS in place can be a distinct advantage. Other benefits include increase customer satisfaction and retention, reduce audits, promote international trade, increases profit, reduce waste, and increases productivity. Conclusion ISO 9001 is an international quality certification that defines minimum requirements for a companys Quality Management System (QMS), illustrating company’s competence to design, produce and deliver products or services with a consistent and coherent level of quality. It doesnt matter what size they are or what they do. ISO 9001 is an excellent tool for developing a strong foundation of good processes and systems. Processes and systems are essential for ensuring performance and growth in any enterprise. Furthermore, ISO 9001 certification can be effectively used in marketing, as it is a well-recognized standard for quality. It demonstrates to customers that the entity takes quality seriously and considers customers’ satisfaction to be a top priority. It is wise to conclude that ISO 9001: 2000 is viewed as an opportunity to develop an effective total quality management and quality assurance system that can contribute to the achievement of a total quality management and organizational performance. Moreover, most certified organizations use ISO 9001: 2000 certification to meet or exceed the quality levels of competition, as they are faced with powerful international competitors from the industrialized world in its domestic market as well as in foreign markets. In addition, proper quality management improves business, often having a positive effect on investment, market share, sales growth, sales margins, competitive advantage, and avoidance of legal action. References 1. ISO 9001- Quality Management Standard, Quality Standards from Approachable Auditors, from isoqar. com/iso9001/qualintro. tm/ 2. Scott Dawson. ISO 9001:2008 Articles: Enhance your ISO Knowledge Base, ISO 9001:2008 Certification Solutions, from 9000world. com/ 3. Hesham Magd. Quality Management Standards (QMS) Implementation in Egypt: ISO 9000 Perspectives. Global Business and Management Research(GBMR): An International Journal. Vol. 2, No. 1, 2010. pp. 57-68 4. Jelena Jovanovic, Aleksandar Vujovic ; Zdravko Kr ivokapi. Between Balanced Scorecard and Quality Management System. International Journal for Quality research. UDK- 005. 21 / 006. 35 (100) ISO. Scientiic Review Paper (1. 02). Vol. 2, No. 3, 2008 5. Roslina Ab Wahid and James Corner. Critical success factors and problems in ISO 9000 maintenance. International Journal of Quality ; Reliability Management Vol. 26 No. 9, 2009 pp. 881-893 Emerald Group Publishing Limited 6. Adolfas Kaziliunas. Impacts of different factors on the implementation of quality management systems and performance outcomes. Current Issues of Business and Law, 2010, Vol. 5 75 ISSN 1822-9530 7. Gilles Lambert and Noufou Ouedraogo. Empirical investigation of ISO 9001 quality management systems’ impact on organisational learning and process performances. Total Quality Management Vol. 9, No. 10, October 2008, 1071–1085 8. Dong-young Kim, Vinod Kumar and Uma Kumar. A Framework of Intellectual Capital Management Based on ISO 9001 Quality Management System: The Case Study of ISO 9001 Certified Public R;D Institute. Knowledge and Process Management Vol 16 Number 4 pp 162–173 (2009). 2009 John Wiley ; Sons, Ltd. 9. Sousa-Poza, Mert Altinkilinc ; Co ry Searcy. Implementing a Functional ISO 9001 Quality Management System in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. International Journal of Engineering (IJE), Volume (3) : Issue (3) 220 10. Ray Tricker. ISO 9001:2000- The Quality Management Process. Information Systems Control Journal. Volume 6, 2007 11. ISO 9001:2008, International Standards for Business, Government and Society, from iso. org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_and_leadership_standards/quality_management/iso_9001_2008. htm 12. D. Tzelepis, K. Tsekouras, D. Skuras and E. Dimara. The effects of ISO 9001 on firms’ productive efficiency. International Journal of Operations ; Production Management Vol. 26 No. 10, 2006 pp. 1146-1165 Emerald Group Publishing Limited 13. ISO 9001 2008 Translated to Plain English. Praxiom Research Group Limited. ,from praxiom. com/iso-9001. htm

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The Costs and Benefits of Joining EMU Case Study - 1

The Costs and Benefits of Joining EMU - Case Study Example The increasing interdependence among the European states is aimed at creating free mobility of goods, services, labour, and capital within the trade region (Debra, & Colin, 2007, p. 162). The EMU has increased the common rules among the member states to combine the separate markets and economies by increasing the economic coordination and cooperation and setting new competition policies for the member states. The EMU has created economic interdependence so as to eliminate monetary policies that undermine and distort benefits realized from such interdependency (Debra, & Colin, 2007, p. 162). For the EMU to function smoothly, the following feature must be present: The member states of EMU must surrender their sovereignty in some areas of policy formulation. Such areas include interest rates and exchange rates determination, and constraints acceptance in macro-economic exercise (Debra, & Colin, 2007, p. 163). The politicians from the member states of EMU are required to undertake unpopular policies required for a state to qualify to be a member of EMU, and also introduce economic structural reforms that will ensure their country’s economies survive within the economic and monetary union. However, reluctance among the major European Union community has led to serious problems of EMU. The above feature and condition do not determine whether the European Union has an ideal environment for using the common currency. The optimal currency areas (OCAs) theory sets the preconditions for use of common currency among states. For the EMU to succeed in using the common currency, the following conditions must be fulfilled: Though the EMU has been launched, some of these conditions appear to be lacking within the European Union trade region. However, some benefits have gained by the European Union countries for being members of EMU. The main perceived benefits of joining economic and monetary union include low costs of the transaction, single market consolidation, the convergence of prices, stabilization of foreign exchange rates, and price stability (De Grauwe, 2005).     

Brand analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand analysis - Essay Example Physicians categorize Advil as an anti-inflammatory drug without steroid content (NSAID). Advil pain reliever is a product manufactured in 1984 by the world’s largest multinational pharmaceutical company known as Pfizer in America (Bixby 1). From 1984 to date, Advil painkiller has faced market competition from other painkiller drugs such as Vanquish and aspirin drugs, with Tylenol being the major competitor in the pharmaceutical market. Advil precipitation drugs have been receiving high demands from local, regional, and international consumers ever since 1984 to 2013. The latter enhances an individual’s perceptions on the positive relieving effects of the ibuprofen products to muscles and body pains. Advil has received numerous endorsements from families, sportsmen and women, and global physicians as the perfect pain reliever in relation to other painkillers in the market. However, the pharmaceutical market research on over-the-counter drugs (Dolcera Conference 51) has proven that, over the Advil’s marketing years in the United States it has met an effective advertisement and sales target, as an outstanding global pharmaceutical product industry. Dolcera provided the market study information on the Advil’s competitive assessment, and advertising study of the prescription drug in the consumer market. From Dolcera Conference analysis by professionals, the compound annual growth of Advil painkiller drug with other OTC drugs in the market, from 2006 to 2014 to be 2.7% with 3.3% of the annual growth between 2006 to 2009, during a constant 2.7% annual growth rate from 2009 to 2014 (Bixby 1). However, new OTC consumer switch approvals from FND, points out Advil painkiller drugs as to receive high pharmaceutical approval over the years from 2007 to date in the consumer markets in USA ("Nurses Drug Alert 63). Advil drug type contains the following ingredients; ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine Hcl and NDA, as to have the highest approval