J. The Avila’S Mexican American Family. The Movie What’S

j The Avila’s Mexican American Family The movie what’s cooking depicts a film about four families with different cultures and the same problem most families endure in America. The family chosen to write about is the Avila’s Mexican American family. This paper will construct a genogram which gives a picture of the relational dynamics in the family’s and an assessment of the relational Infidelity between the parents that effects commitment and the breach of trust, ending in separation and divorce; presented in the Avila’s family. The Avila’s family has planned a Thanksgiving dinner, which is American tradition dealing with invited guests. Assessment of the Family The family origins, starting with the Grandmother Emma, husband whose is†¦show more content†¦Conversely, until Elizabeth, Javier ex-wife’s boyfriend shows up, she invited for dessert. Javier becomes angry and begins to insist that he wants his family back; that he walked away from. He begins stonewalling the family at the thanksgiving dinner because his ex-wife had invited her boyfriend for dessert. Javier becomes angry and begins to stipulate that he wants his family back; that he walked away from. Elizabeth Avila’s is Mexican American middle age, divorced mother and employed as an elementary school teacher; also ex-wife to Javier Avila’s. She prepares Thanksgiving dinner for her family. Elizabeth and the ex-husband Javier Avila’s have a distant relationship and he no longer lives in the house; they are divorced. Elizabeth appears to be a strong mother who has moved forward with her life. She works with a teacher who appears to be a nice gentleman that cares for her. The boyfriend has never met the family until the Thanksgiving holiday. As a single mother, Elizabeth continues to advise her two young adult children on how to live their lives and how she is going to lead her own life. She has fused relationship with her mother, Emma, Anthony and Gina; they all have a great connection. Elizabeth and the children get along without the father Javier, who left without any contact and never

Immigration Policy And Its Impact On America - 882 Words

With the rise of foreign people permanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to immigration. America is a melting pot of variety of people that brings great contribution to the growth and transformation in the workforce. Immigrants has been strengthen America s economy every since the 18th century American industrial revolution. During the American industrial revolution, it offers a great opportunity for people outside of the border for investment, employment, and productivity towards the economy. As a result, many foreigners has arrived to fill these roles and not only help them to settle but benefited the economy in the process. It furthers expanded in the technology revolution, in the early industrial revolution, which factories has machinery that required huge amount of man power that allowed an increase in productivity and production for the United States. With immigrants being a huge part of the economy, it shows that immigrants can help business become successful from their work ethic and boost earnings for American Workers. Some policies that weShow MoreRelatedDanielle Grieco. Ms. Mahoney. English 8 Aap B.1. 5 May1317 Words   |  6 PagesDanielle Grieco Ms. Mahoney English 8 AAP B.1 5 May 2017 The Impact of People and Policy on Immigration Americans display the most admirable level of responsibility of which many countries are envious. 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Within this group of immigrants, Latino immigrantsRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigrants On The Economy908 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction From terrorism, to global warming, to immigration, hot-button political issues often affect many parts of people’s lives. When looking at the many issues facing the country, there are a rare few that only affect one aspect of life. Instead the problems in the country have diverse and extensive impacts and therefore need all-encompassing solutions. One of the issues that garners a great deal of discussion is immigration and its impacts on the economic environment. As a nation of immigrantsRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241399 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, immigration has remained a complex and influential piece of presidential policy—from the Age of Mass Migration, which led to the Immigration Act of 1924, to present day policy, which may result in the construction of a border wall. The debate on immigration remains contentious, inspiring emotional and empirical arguments by politicians and the public alike. Many of these aspects are discussed and defined within Abramitzky, Boustan, and Eriksson’s paper â€Å"A Nation of Immigrants:Read MorePoliticians And Immigration Reform : Donald Trump Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesPoliticians’ and Immigration Reform Donald Trump, usually well-known for his absurd and preposterous laws, is our president- elect and had many things to say about a lot of laws in America at the moment but mostly immigration.   Immigration is a topic where America and its people are divided as a whole just because of the simple fact they choose to look at it from a negative standpoint and not a positive one. â€Å"The U.S. immigrant population stood at more than 42.4 million, or 13.3 percent, of theRead MoreThe Influx Of Immigrants During The United States Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesthere have always been immigration waves shaping the respective time period. For example, the 1880s were characterized by an increase of eastern and southern Europeans, while post-1965 has seen an increased presence of immigrants primarily from Latin America and Asia (Barone 12). Each wave of immigrants adds to the diversity of the U.S. population by bringing their own languages, religions, customs, culture, etc. Despite the open- door policy that once prevailed in America, each of these groups facesRead MoreImmigration Helps America Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Helps America Immigration can be defined as passing foreigners to a country and making it their permanent residence. Reasons ranging from politics, economy, natural disasters, wish to change ones surroundings and poverty are in the list of the major causes of immigration in both history and today. In untied states, immigration comes with complexities in its demographic nature. A lot of cultural and population growth changes have been witnessed as a result of immigration. In the followingRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States895 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America, A country founded on the concept of immigration. Wether that was immigrating to the colonies in the early stages of the country, or the immigration of millions into Ellis Island from the late 1800’s to the mid 1900’s, Its been a strong part of the backbone of this country. The current immigration polices are not harming Americas social or economical wellbeing because those here illegally currently pay sales tax, bring families together and support the American dreamRead MoreOpen Border Policy and Illegal Immigration1844 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Open Border Policy and Illegal Immigration Introduction Immigration is one of the contentious issues that continue to elicit mixed reactions from different parties. In most western economies, debates on immigration policies have been on the rise in the recent decades. Whereas the international human rights have confirmed that freedom of movement is one of the basic human rights and hence no one can be deprived, most governments have put restrictions on immigration. Furthermore, the enactmentRead MoreImpact Of Immigration Laws On A Democratic Society889 Words   |  4 PagesImpacts of Immigration Laws in a Democratic Society: A Literature Review Immigration has changed drastically from the start of the 20th century up to the current age. Immigration is a topic that has had much controversy and debate with each new election and each year that passes. Liberals and Conservatives have many opposing viewpoints when it comes to such a touchy subject as that of immigration. Currently, Presidential candidate Donald Trump has some of the most controversial policies, ideas

Marketing Strategies free essay sample

The five types of customer needs are: Stated needs, Real needs, Unstated needs, Delight needs and Secret needs. Define each and give an example for each. Stated needs are wants that are expressed by the customer while shopping for a product or service. An example of a stated need is when a customer wants to buy a two-bedroom condo. Real needs are the underlying needs of those that are stated. In the case of the customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo, they want a condo that is convenient with regards to proximity to work, friends, family and sources of activity. Unstated needs are expectations that a customer associates with the product or service they are shopping for in which the customer feels they don’t need to disclose as it should be a given to the salesperson. In looking to buy a two-bedroom condo the customer would expect that the real-estate agent would show them condos that have two bedrooms, a living space, a kitchen and a bathroom. Delight needs are preferences that the customer might have when shopping for a product or service. The customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo might want the kitchen to be modern with updated appliances, an on suite in the master bedroom, washer and dryer hookups available and parking. Secret Needs are the immaterial reasons in which a customer is purchasing a product or service. The customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo wants their friends and family to view them as successful and independent. 2. Illustrate the differences between a reactive market orientation and a proactive marketing orientation. Give an example of each. Simply put, companies with a reactive market orientation are not the innovators of the industry. These companies assume that their job is to just adapt to stated customer needs. These can be determined through customer satisfaction surveys. A good example of a company that operates under a reactive market orientation would be Old Navy. Almost every time I shop at an Old Navy, I receive a phone number on the bottom of my receipt to call and answer a satisfaction survey in exchange for a 10% discount on my ext purchase. The information gathered from these surveys is used to determine a strategic course of action. On the opposite side of a reactive market orientation is a proactive market orientation. Companies with a proactive marketing orientation, I would consider to be the innovators of the industry. These companies uncover solutions that customers did not ask for, but respond positively to. This is done through the company’s successful market researc h. A great example of a company that has a proactive market orientation is Apple. They are typically the leading company to invent and release new technology. In my eyes, this started with the release of the iPod in 2001. 3. You have been given the assignment of justifying â€Å"cause related† marketing to your board of directors. What would be your primary argument in favor of such a proposal? If given the assignment to justify ‘cause related’ marketing to my board of directors, my primary argument in favor of the proposal would be the significant increase in brand awareness and credibility that such a strategy would bring to the company. Consumers often develop a strong like or dislike for a company based on the moral principles in which a company stands for and supports. By implementing ‘cause related’ marketing within a company you are not only stepping up and showing your existing customers what you stand for as a company, but you are also opening the doors to attract new customers that support the cause that the company is supporting as well, ultimately expanding your customer base as a whole. 4. What is marketing research and list 3 ways a small company could conduct marketing research without incurring the financial burden of a sizable research budget? Marketing research is defined in our textbook as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing a company. There are several ways in which a company is able to conduct marketing research. Some of these ways are more expensive than others, but if I were in charge of marketing research for a small company that didn’t have the necessary budget for an extensive research project, I would approach it in the following three ways: 1. Utilizing the internet – The internet has the answer to anything at just a Google search away. A company can use the internet to see how their competitors’ website is set up compared to their own and what consumers are discussing about yours and your competitors company via chat rooms, blogs and forums. The internet is a wealth of information and it is available at a minimal cost. 2. Engaging top MBA students to design and carry out projects – This is not only a great way to get some additional sets of eyes on a specific marketing situation facing a company, but it is also available at the cost of just experience and visibility for the MBA students involved. 3. Focus Groups – I would lastly consider running a series of focus groups. This is a great way to test different ideas to resolve a specific marketing situation facing a company. Based on the results of the focus groups, you are able to determine a direction for the marketing plan at yet another minimal cost. 5. What is Customer-perceived value (CPV) and give an example of when the value of a product or service did not match the cost you paid for it. Customer–perceived value or CPV is defined in our textbook as the difference between the prospective customer’s evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternatives. I have recently experienced this myself when I was out to dinner with my family celebrating my Mother’s birthday at Maggiano’s Little Italy in Boston, MA. I had never been there prior to this visit, but had heard nothing but rave reviews. I was told that it was expensive, but definitely worth what you pay for. Because it was a large party, it meant that we would be dining family style – which is when, as a group, you get to choose 2 appetizers, 2 salads, 4 entrees and 2 desserts at a cost of $28. 95 per person but it’s all you can eat. When I was looking at the menu, I noticed that they use Barilla pasta for all of their dishes. This threw me off a bit, solely because I would have expected that an authentic Italian restaurant would have made their pasta from scratch. The fact that I could potentially make the same meal, which I was paying for at a restaurant, in my own kitchen was very displeasing. It was at that point when my CPV of Maggiano’s did not match that of what everyone had said about it. Ultimately the food was great, but I would have hoped that at that price point that the pasta would have been more authentic. 6. One-on-one marketing is not for every company, when does this style work best? Please give an example. One-to-one marketing works best for companies that would normally collect a great deal of individual customer information and carry a lot of products that can be cross-sold, need periodic replacement or upgrading, and offer high value. I feel like a good example of a company that works best with one-to-one marketing would be a wedding planner. A wedding planner must earn the business of their clients by showcasing their talents in terms of how they envision their potential clients’ wedding. A successful wedding planner would differentiate each client in terms of their needs, they would interact with their clients to improve their knowledge about them and their needs and based on their findings, they would customize their proposal to be considered for the job. 7. Maslow sought to explain why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. How does Maslow’s theory help marketers? Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is his answer to why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. His believed that human needs are arranged from most to least pressing. The most important needs is psychological needs, or basic instincts. These include food, water and shelter. As you make your way up Maslow’s hierarchy the actual need becomes less and less pressing to a human’s need to survive. This hierarchy can be used by marketers to determine how to properly reach their target market. Based on the expected level off need, determined by a marketer’s demographic, they could tell what efforts would work to catch their target market’s attention vs. what wouldn’t work. An example of this could be when Kay Jewelers came out with their everlasting slogan, â€Å"Every Kiss Begins with Kay†. They recognized that their target market would be longing for love, for a sense of belonging and that is exactly what their commercials provided, at least the idea of it. 8. Explain the differences between a belief and an attitude. In order to explain the differences between a belief and an attitude, I am going to relate them to the difference between truth and taste. Beliefs seek for what is true and can therefore be characterized as a factual attitude. You believe what you think are the facts, what you take to be true. It is beliefs that are the driving force behind things such as religion or parenting. Tastes are attitudes that are typically more one-sided and therefore vary from person to person. For example, peoples attitudes about music vary widely as we have individual tastes when it comes to music. 9. Describe what customerization is and how marketers are or should be using it. Customerization is when a company combines operationally driven mass customization with customized marketing in a way that empowers consumers to design the product and service offering of their choice. There are several marketers that are taking advantage of this, by offering customerization as a part of their total service offerings. A company such as Tervis Tumblers (www. tervis. com) has a customerization aspect to their overall marketing strategy. They offer a variety of pre-designed tumblers, but also offer their shoppers the choice to ‘create-their-own’ so to speak by uploading their own pictures or logos to design their own tumbler. 10. The VALS segmentation has 8 parts, innovators, thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers, makers and survivors. Define each and where do you think you most fit in? The definition of each VALS segment is as follows: * Innovators – Successful, sophisticated, active, ‘take-charge’ people with high self-esteem. Purchases often reflect cultivated tastes for relatively upscale, niche-oriented products and services. * Thinkers – Mature, satisfied, and reflective people motivated by ideals and who value order, knowledge, and responsibility. They seek durability, functionality, and value in products. * Achievers – Successful, goal-oriented people who focus on career and family. They favor premium products that demonstrate success to their peers. * Experiencers – Young, enthusiastic, impulsive people who seek variety and excitement. They spend a comparatively high proportion of income on fashion, entertainment, and socializing. Believers – Conservative, conventional, and traditional people with concrete beliefs. They prefer familiar, U. S. made products and are loyal to established brands. * Strivers – Trendy and fun-loving people who are resource-constrained. They favor stylish products that emulate the purchases of those with greater material wealth. * Makers – Practical, down-to-earth, self-sufficient people who like to work with their hands. They seek U. S. made products with a practical or functional purpose. * Survivors – Elderly, passive people concerned about change and loyal to their favorite brands. As much as each of these segments offers great characteristics and benefits, the segment that I think I most fit in, at this point in my life, is the Achievers. I would be lying if I said that my career had nothing to do with the way that I am today. My career is part of the reason that I consider myself successful and has definitely turned me into a more goal-oriented person. I chose to go back to school because I want to do good by my future; my future where I own my own business and am a successful and loving Mother with a family of my own. I am at a point in my life where the world is my oyster and I am an achiever.

World Population Growth free essay sample

The world’s population is ageing. Virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in their population. According to World Population Prospects, (2015), the general increase in the number of older persons in the world today, could be regarded to be one of the most significant social transformations of the twenty-first century, but not without implications for all sphere of life. Preparing for the economic and social shifts associated with an ageing population is thus essential to ensure an adequate care for the aged, as well as meet up with the challenges of ageing. According to United Nation’s report on World Ageing Population (2015), knowledge of population ageing is particularly relevant in many ways, for instance; for the goals on poverty eradication, ensuring healthy lives and well-being at all ages, but in a special way for better planning so as to plan for long term care of the older adults. We will write a custom essay sample on World Population Growth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The 2002 Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing [M.I.P.A.A.] adopted during the Second World Assembly on Ageing, highlighted the need to consider older persons in development planning, emphasizing that older persons should be able to participate in and benefit equitably from the fruits of development to advance their health and well-being, and that societies should provide enabling environments for them to do so. (UN, 2015). As populations become increasingly aged, it is more important than ever that governments, civil societies, Faith Based organizations, and the entire nations to contribute in designing policies, public services and organized long term care older adults. Population ageing is in as a result of positive changes in fertility and mortality that are associated with economic and social development. There is a progress in child mortality reduction, improved access to education and employment opportunities, better reproductive health, etc. Additionally, improvements in public health and medical technologies, along with advancement in living conditions. These contribute to people living longer, because they decline fertility and help in increasing longevity. In other words, there is a reduction in birthrate, while the older persons continue to live. Ageing is taking place all over the world, but at a different pace in the different countries of the world. The pace of population ageing in many developing countries today is substantially faster than occurred in developed countries in the past. (United Nation [UN] 2013 and 2015).

pet Essays - Anthrozoology, Turtle, Pets, Dog, Life Simulation Games

My Pet Would you like to live a happy and productive life? Then get pets! I must admit it is hard to believe that domesticated animals can promote mental and physical health, but many studies have shown that they can. On the other hand, you must find a pet that is compatible with you or with your life style. Maintaining good mental health is crucial for living a "normal" life. Many psychiatrists have found that patients with anger management problems can be calmer with a pet around the house. Sometimes, just the feel of a pet in the house can do wonders on the nerves and eliminate certain aggravation. I have found that having multiple pets around can be difficult, but with the hard work comes satisfaction and happiness. Personally, I own two turtles, one dog and one fish; my two turtles are in one tank, so they have company! In my fish tank, there is a predatory fish, which would endanger any other fish if I put more in the tank. Separating animals that could do harm to each other is a good method for ensuring their safety. In addition, you must remember to spend an equal amount of time with your pets? even your fish, so one pet does not get jealous of the other. Many give their beloved companions names such as people Stanley, Buddy, and Mikey. By giving pets human names people feel more connected and comfortable around their animal friends. My dog?s name is Bishop, my two turtles names are Squirmy and Mojo and my fish?s name is Mr. Fish. My roommate named the dog and I named the fish because of the way they are Mojo because he?s the bigger one and Squirmy because he can never stay still longer than a few seconds. I named my fish Mr. Fish because I couldn?t really think of a good name for him. People some times are extremely attached to their pets; many cater to their every whim. Some people even bring their dogs and cats to pet manicurists and stylists to pamper their pets. This "obsession" with their pets can lead to deep seeded pain and anguish when a pet passes on. I can defenatly agree with that even if its not death and it?s a disappearance of an animal. Like the second day I had my turtles one escaped around 3 am in the morning and I was looking very hard for my turtle thinking of only the horrible things that could have happened to him like the dog eating him or my roommate accidentally stepping on him. It took me a couple of hours but I eventually found my turtle and it was a terrible feeling just looking for him unsure of what had happened to him. Unfortunately the reality of a pet dying is all too genuine with today's high ways and increasingly busy streets can spell certain doom for our four legged chums. Animals help their owners every day to live their lives a bit easier. I also agree that animals As well as providing, relieve from they give an unsurpassed amount of enjoyment and love. Many people say that animals can not love or truly understand our feelings just because they are not classified as humans and do not express themselves in ways that we can not comprehend. Unfortunately people over look the fact that humans are animals like any other but that have been blessed with an understandable means of communication .I hope if you are a disbeliever in the factual intelligence of animals that this essay changed your perspective. In addition, remember that people are animals too!

Greek society Essays

Greek society Essays Greek society Essay Greek society Essay Essay Topic: History Medea In Greek society, slavery was view as being a normal part of everyday life. Slave labour was considered an essential need when it came to the economic and social success of the Greek city-states. There were a variety of roles, which were carried out by the slave class, some of these included agriculture, crafts, mining, and domestic work. This essay aims to explore the attitudes of the Greeks regarding slavery and its institutions, where and how slaves were acquired, the treatment of the slaves and possible implications if the practice of slavery had been abolished. Despite frequent misconception the majority of Greek slaves were in actual fact, not Greek at all. Many were prisoners of war, captured after the fall of besieged towns and cities and taken back to be later sold on the slave market. As Homer1 discusses in his poems piracy, kidnapping and warfare were all common sources of acquiring slaves. Slavery is the dreaded fate of the women of the royal household of Troy, after the fall of the once great city as is told by Euripides2 . [ ] Talthybios: You have now been allocated, if this is what you feared. Hekabe: Alas! For what city of Thessaly or Phthia or the land of Kadmos are we destined? [ ] (Dillon Garland 2005:351 11. 42) Although this is an extract from a play, Hekabes fear that she feels for the sealed fate of herself, her daughters and daughters-in-law was a very real part of life. As Thucydides3 also discusses, when the Athenians captured Melos, the men were killed and the women and children enslaved. There many other cities that the Athenians as well as other city-states obtained their slaves, some of theses are Thrace, Scythia, Illyria, Colchis, Caria and Lydia. : Kidnapping was also very common, although the families of the hostages were sometimes given the opportunities to pay a ransom for their release, many still ended up as slaves. Children born to enslaved parents were also considered as slaves, another method was exposure, unwanted, sick, or weak babies to be abandoned by their parents. The practice, though inhumane by contemporary opinion, was considered normal. Those children who were found by slave traders or shepherds were possibly taken, raised, trained in some skill and later sold for profit. Although, debt slavery had been abolished in the Attica by Solons4 legislation, it still would have existed in other parts of the Greek world, such as Crete5. There is some argument among modern day historians as to the actual size of the slave population, due to the lack of vital evidence, such as a census. There is however a number of documents where the writers allude to the reader to a figure. Thucydides6 for example tells of some 20,000 Athenian slaves, most of whom were manual labourers deserting. He also points out in later documents that there were more slaves in Chios than any other city besides Sparta. Despite the lack of evidence Finley7 estimates a figure more like 60-80,000 slaves for the whole of Attica. On average it can be seen that most small farmers or landowners would have had at least 1 slave and wealthy households approximately 10-20. In an unusual case, Nikias8 owned some 1000 slaves, which he would hire out for work. The type of things that many slave traders and owners looked for when acquiring slaves were their characteristics which slaves possessed such as a placid temperament, attractiveness, youth, health, submissiveness, strength and so on. Depending on the skills and abilities of a slave would have a huge impact on the type of work that they could possibly carry out and the price that one could be sold for. Slaves however who were elderly, weak, sick or injured, stubborn were considered unfavourable as they would more than likely cause their masters trouble. The roles carried out by slaves were numerous and some were especially dangerous such as working as a crewmember on ships or in mines or quarries. A slave could expect a life of misery and danger, with many thousands killed. There were also a number of criminals or slaves with constant bad behaviour working in the mines, due to the conditions as it was assumed that they would not live very long. In agriculture and farming slaves worked as farmhands or shepherds. Hesiod9, in his Works and Days explains to a small farmer the greater value of a slave woman over a wife. First of all you should acquire a house and a woman and an ox for the plough, A female slave, not a wife, who can follow the oxen as well. (Dillon Garland 2005:331, doc. 11. 8) Skilled slaves could also work as artisans and run shops for their masters, while slave labour was popular it in no way replaced free labour instead slaves complimented the free labour workforce with free men in most Greek cities except Sparta working alongside slaves working the land, in retail trade or as artisans as Plutarch10 describes. As far as working as a slave went, one of the most prestigious roles, was being a domestic or household servant. These were among some of the most well treated slaves, some acquiring a sense of trustworthiness and responsibility, a few even obtained freedom for their loyalty and hard work. A good, well-behaved slave was treated as part of the family, were even allowed to take part in the family rituals like the sacrifice. A female had vastly different roles to that of male slaves. These would have included cooking, sewing and crafting, serving food, entertaining as dancing or flute girls, childcare, cleaning, shopping and fetching water. In wealthier households they could also specialize in being housekeepers, cooks or nurses. Women were greatly disadvantaged in Greek society due to the underprivileged status in the social hierarchy, with even wealthy free women often secluded in their own homes. Unquestionably female slaves would often have a harder time than men and were frequently the target of sexual exploitation or physical abuse from their masters and or other members of their household. In these instances children born from master-slave liaisons would undoubtedly have been exposed. Slave girls could however rise to a certain level of trustworthiness, many wealthy women sought out confidantes in their slave girls, as Euripides11 expresses in his character Medea. It is likely that women and female slaves would have tied together, with the common exclusion from the masculine world of public affairs, regardless of social status. Occasionally household slaves were also given the privilege of being buried in plots next to their masters and mistresses upon their deaths. Aristotle12 spoke of slaves as the chattel property of the master, and thought this may have been the case, there were distinct and well protected laws when it came to slaves rights, or the treatment and punishment of slaves. For instance, though slaves could be very badly beaten they could not however be killed, instead slaves were treated according to their status and the temperament of their masters. Slaves were forbidden to enter the gymnasium or public assembly, they could not freely marry or have children, they could also not use any name other than the one their master gave them and most unfortunately for slaves was that they could only give evidence in a trial under torture. There were however special temples and sanctuaries that slaves could go to seek refuge and appeal that they be resold if their masters were particularly abusive to them13. One very important point to make is the difference between slaves, metics, helots and serfs. Metics were either foreigners, who migrated to cities other than the one where they were born or freed men. The metics could own slaves, ran businesses, had access to certain festivals. The restrictions for the metics were that they could not vote, own land or houses and needed a prostate or citizen patron. The metoikian14 tax made the metic class very powerful, as the revenue from this tax went to the state. Serfs had rights, they possessed money, could marry and divorce, serfs could also marry with free women. The helots were however not foreigners or slaves, they owned land and outnumbered the Spartans considerably, but they were still subjected to a state of servitude. Herodotus15 notes that the Spartans despised artisans and considered those who learnt crafts and their descendants as inferior to other citizens. Xenophon16 also shares these views in his account of Lykourgos. [ ] 7. 2 But at Sparta Lykourgos forbad free men to touch anything to do with making money, and instructed them only to think about those activities which provide cities with freedom. (Dillon Garland 2005:347, doc. 11. 5 7. 2) The Spartans were renowned for their harsh treatment of the helots despite relying upon them for produce and crafts, as well as occasionally in times of warfare to supplement their army, with an estimation of 35,000 serving at Plataea17. Because of the sheer number of helots the Spartans were aware of the potential threat of revolt, Thucydides18 accounts, the Spartans proclaimed that the helot s nominate all those whom they considered had fought well in the Spartan wars, under the belief that these men would be granted freedom the helots picked out about 2,000 who later disappeared. Servile labour was a large part of the social and economic makeup of the classical Greek period, with most households owning at least one slave. Krates19, in his play The Wild Animals, promises automation of items as the alternative to slaves, mimicking Aristophanes position of slavery being taken for granted. Time constraints have unfortunately limited the depth of this essay, and prevented the further examination of slaves in Greece at this time.

Liberty and Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Liberty and Equality - Essay Example As a function of this confusion with regards to some of the core precept that help to define the society in which we live, it will be the express intent of this particular analysis to engage the reader with an understanding of the immutable nature of equality and liberty. Through such analysis and focus upon the way in which these two are related and differentiated from one another. Yet, the fact of the matter is that the interplay between equality and liberty is something that perennially exists. Ultimately, each and every decision that is made with regards to greater levels of liberty, or the exercise thereof, has a direct and/or tangential impact with regards to the manner in which an individual can experience a degree of equality. Naturally, in a perfect world, society views equality and liberty as two â€Å"goods† that should be able to exist alongside one another in equal measure. However, the fact of the matter is that one necessarily constrains the other and causes a s ituation by which an increased degree of equality adversely impacts liberty; and vice versa. The following analysis and discussion will more appropriately define this inverse relationship and the means by which it is exhibited within the United States; both past and present (Smith 456). One analyst noted, â€Å"The balancing of liberty and equality interests cannot be accomplished in the abstract. We cannot decide issues involving specific legislation by determining that we lack ''enough'' liberty or that our society has ''too much'' equality. Careful evaluation requires inquiry into the specific nature of the individual freedom that may be sacrificed and the value of the equality that will be enhanced if the proposal becomes law† (New York Times 1). As such, the interplay between these two seemingly competitive virtues is clearly manifest. Firstly, before delving into an active definition and understanding of either liberty or equality, it must be appreciated that neither of these terms are in direct competition with one another for a position of being the most important guiding principle of democracy; rather, these concepts are both cornerstones through which democracy is defined, upheld, and delineated. If one of these two terms had to be understood as of greater importance than its counterpart, then the entire framework upon which representative government is fabricated would topple. Ultimately, at its very core, liberty necessarily defines the state of being free. As such, this freedom has been exhibited within almost each and every aspect of the way in which the American experience of government has come to be known. Although the freedom of liberty is a defining hallmark of the way in which he United States has come to experience its own development and growth as a political and social concept, the fact of the matter is that the actual application of liberty itself is not static. Just like with the way in which equality has come to be re-defined a nd re-understood throughout different periods of the nation’s history, liberty and the freedoms that it entails has been defined, constrained, and redefined as different experiences have shaped the way in which this concept is reflected within the American populace. A quick example of this can of course be seen with regards to the way in which liberty came to be constricted after the attacks of September 11th, 2001. Whereas the nation itself was in a