Immanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant EssayThe following is taken from Immanuel Kants The Metaphysics of Morals (Part II, The Science of Right), translated by W. Hastie with emendations and paragraph numbers added by Jeremy Anderson. The complete text is obtainable free online here. In this excerpt, Kant first explains what crime is and the different sorts of crimes (paragraph 1), which is not very important for our purposes. He then presents his assure that punishment is justified by the criminals having commit a crime (par. 2).This is to be contrasted with other theories of punishment such as the Utilitarian theory, according to which punishment is justified by the good it brings to society. Kant rejects the Utilitarian theory for two reasons. First, he believes it treats criminals as mere means to others good Kants Categorical Imperative forbids this. Second, the Utilitarian theory could, possibly, justify grueling an innocent soulfulness because of the good it might bring to society. To Kant, this sort of injustice is absolutely intolerable.Having explained why we punish people Kant goes on to discuss how and how much to punish criminals (par. 3-8). Here he asserts that the hurt done to the criminal should equal the hurt the criminal did to others, both in amount and in kind (in class we are calling this the be Punishment version of the lex talionis). The rest of the piece mostly explains what he means by this, with particular emphasis on the need for the death penalty. In paragraphs 8 and 10 Kant considers some interesting exceptions to the rule that murderers must be executed.Okay, so Kant believed that punishment should always be in response to a crime punishing someone to protect society or to deter others is im deterrent example. Kant goes on to say that it is also immoral for a person to commit a crime, and not be punished. In other words, every crime merits a punishment it is Kants form of equality. Kant refers to this as jus talionis, which is loosely translat es as the right of retaliation. However, Kant was opposed to punishing people if it took by their humanity.In other words, if a person tortures people, that person should not be punished by torture, because doing so would be dehumanizing OURSELVES. In other words, it would be asymmetrical to the level of the torturer. Kant did believe in Capital Punishment in fact, he insisted on it. He states in his book, Metaphysics on Morals, that according to Jus Talionis, murderers MUST die at that place is no earthly punishment other than death that can balance out a murder, and thus preserve Jus Talionis, the balance between crime and punishment.It is care a scale the side of justice must balance the side of injustice. An Exposition of Kants, Arendts, and Mills Moral Philosophy Immanuel Kant adheres to Deontological ethics. His theory offers a view of morality based on the principle of good will and indebtedness. According to him, people can perform good actions solely by good intent ions without whatsoever considerations to consequences. In addition, one must follow the laws and the categorical imperative in order to act in accordance with and from duty.Several other philosophers such as Hannah Arendt discuss Kants moral ism. In her case study The Accused and Duties of a Law-Abiding Citizen, Arendt examines how Adolf Eichmanns actions conformed to Kants moral precepts but also how they ran of afoul(postnominal) to his conception of duty. In contrast, John Stuart Mill adopts a teleological view of moral philosophy. He exposes his view of consequentialism and utilitarianism to argue that an action is morally right unaccompanied to the extent that it maximizes the aggregate happiness of all parties involved regardless of the motive.In the present paper, I will expose Kants moral precepts and the importance of duty in his Deontological principles. Then, I will evaluate Arendts report on Adolf Eichmann to analyze the ways in which his actions were in accordance t o or against Kants moral philosophy. I will conclude my discussion with an evaluation of Mills approach to morality in order to examine the differences between his teleological philosophy and Kants ethical principles.Kants moral philosophy is based on the categorical imperative (CI), good will, and duty. According to the CI, it is an absolute necessity, a command that humanity should accord with universalizable maxims to treat people as ends in themselves and exercise their will without any concerns about the consequences or conditions of their actions. This concept can also be denotative in systematic terms by the two following formulations.